Augmentation mammoplasty is a type of plastic surgery for breast enlargement and correction of its shape.The operation is performed using special implants, which feel almost in no way inferior to natural mammary glands.
What is she?
Breast augmentation with implants is a plastic surgery that allows you to correct the mammary glands.This technique applies to women who have sagging breasts, changes in shape and volume, for example, as a result of childbirth or breastfeeding.
Augmentation mammoplasty is one of the methods of surgical breast enlargement and correction of its shape.
The operation is prescribed after a comprehensive examination and is performed in a hospital.
In this case, implants of different shapes, contents and volumes are used, which can be installed under the fascia, gland or chest muscle.
The location of the incisions may also vary.To avoid the development of complications after the intervention, it is necessary to strictly adhere to the rules of care.
To make the mammary glands look more natural after the operation, the specialist will give recommendations for choosing the size of the implants.
Types of prostheses
All materials are divided into several types.
According to the content
They are classified into several types.
Silicon
They consist of a cohesive gel with varying degrees of density.The peculiarity of such implants is that if they are damaged, they do not leak.
Salt
Filling: saline solution.Such products are less popular than others, but their cost will be somewhat lower.In addition, they have a shorter shelf life, and when worn under the skin, lumps and bumps can form.
Installation of selected implants is a key stage of augmentation mammoplasty.
The rehabilitation process and how painful it will be depends on their exact location and tissue contact.
With competent actions by the surgeon, most complications can be easily avoided.
Hydrogel
This is a bioimplant of the new generation.It is completely compatible with the human body, which almost completely eliminates the risk of rejection.Hydrogel has many positive properties, and its quality is in no way inferior to silicone prostheses.Their advantage is elasticity, safety and non-toxicity.
According to the form
Experts distinguish between round and teardrop implants.The first are used for small changes in the mammary glands.Breast augmentation with round implants is suitable for women who want to achieve a natural breast shape.
According to the type and profile of the surface
The surface of the dentures can be smooth or rough.
There are also high and low implants.
When choosing a product, the doctor must take into account the patient's age, weight, height, body type, sternum structure, condition of the mammary glands and their size.
Access methods
To insert an implant into the chest cavity, specialists use three types of tissue dissection, resulting in the replacement of the vacuum space.
Periareolar
The breast tissue is dissected at the location of the areola.The main advantage of this technique is that the doctor has the opportunity not only to correct the shape of the nipple, but also to change its position.
The scar after the operation almost completely disappears over time.
submarine
An incision is made along the crease line under the breast.As for the disobedience of the scar, this method is considered more suitable, since the suture is located in the place where the mammary gland covers the skin of the torso.
Axillary
Includes incisions in the area located near the armpits.The method is slower and more complex;the scars will be placed in a visible place.In addition, in this case it is difficult to correctly place the implants in the pocket between the mammary gland and the muscle.
Placement of prostheses
They can be placed under the muscle fascia, under the mammary gland or under the pectoralis major muscle.A combined method is often used, in which several location tactics are combined at once.
Difficulty categories
To determine this indicator, the following values should be taken into account:
- pointaccess;
- the volumesurgical intervention;
- anatomicalthe featuresand the desired size of the prosthesis;
- generalABLEcustomers;
- the presence of relativesRESTRICTIONSto the operation.
Plastic surgery includes three categories of complexity.
First
Augmentation mammoplasty of the first degree of complexity includes periareolar access and endoprosthetics.At the same time, the method is characterized by moderate trauma and a minimal amount of surgical intervention.
Secondly
The patient's condition is satisfactory.Prostheses are made with a vertical scar;assumes a moderate level of interference and injury.
Thirdly
There are relative limitations that can cause complications.An anchor lift is performed, during which the implants are placed.
Indications
Mammoplasty is performed not only to improve the appearance of the mammary glands, but also to eliminate deformities and other defects.
The main indications for plastic surgery include:
- small onesMAGNITUDEbreasts;
- asymmetry;
- dependentbreast or areola prolapse, which can occur against the background of rapid weight loss;
- CHANGESformsas a result of lactation or childbirth;
- hyperpigmentationpacifier;
- executed incorrectlyplasticbefore that;
- deformationcongenital roundness.
However, the main factor still remains the aesthetic transformation.
Contraindications
Correction of the mammary glands using gel or silicone prostheses has its absolute and relative limitations.
The first group includes:
- diseasesinternal organs with serious diseases;
- : Age:up to 18 years old;
- period of infancyfeeding;
- cancer;
- mentalabnormalities and epileptic seizures;
- violationcoagulabilitythe blood;
- infections.
Relative contraindications include:
- fibrous jointsinside the mammary gland;
- bigweight;
- syphilisand HIV;
- chronic formHePatitis;
- diseasesautoimmunesystems, for example, rheumatism, nephritis, scleroderma;
- varicose veinsdilation of veins
In addition, it is not recommended to perform surgery for diabetes mellitus in the compensation phase.The operation will have to be postponed during menstruation or if there is an unreasonable increase in body temperature.
Preparation
Augmentation mammoplasty involves preparation.
An important point is to visit several specialists.The surgeon examines the mammary glands, the condition of the skin in this area and determines the size and volume of the breast.In addition, the doctor will tell you about the actions during the surgical procedure, the consequences and the result.
A consultation with a gynecologist, mammologist and therapist will help identify any restrictions on surgery.The anesthesiologist will help determine the presence of individual intolerance and a tendency to develop an allergic reaction to the drugs and materials used.
After that, the patient is given a referral for laboratory testing, which may include the following tests:
- blood and urine;
- biochemistry;
- for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis;
- sugar test;
- for Rh group and factor;
- coagulogram.
Instrumental examination includes performing fluorography, radiographs, electrocardiograms and ultrasound examinations.
In the presence of pathological processes occurring in a chronic form, it will be necessary to obtain a report from the attending physician, which will indicate the duration of remission.
If no contraindications for surgical intervention have been identified, the woman should follow a series of recommendations in the preparation phase.
No later than a week and a half before the expected date, you should stop smoking and drinking alcohol.Do not expose the body to stressful situations and nervous overload.You will also need to stop taking medications that reduce blood clotting.
Execution technique
Arrival at the clinic is possible the day before or directly on the day of the surgical intervention.Before that, the doctor may advise the patient to take a sedative at night, which will help relieve nervous tension and ensure good sleep.In the morning at the hospital, the woman's blood pressure and body temperature are measured.
After that, the specialist administers general anesthesia.The surface of the skin in the area of the mammary glands is treated with an antiseptic solution, catheters are installed and the body is connected to a special device that allows you to monitor the condition of the body during the operation.
After the anesthesia takes effect, the doctor proceeds directly to the manipulation itself.A cut of the required length is made in a pre-selected area.The tissue is carefully removed to form a pocket into which the implant will later be placed.To stop the bleeding, the vessels are cauterized.
The surgeon then removes the endoprosthesis and places it in the desired position through the incision.After completing all the manipulations, a suture and a fixing bandage are applied to the wound.The mammary glands are supported by shapewear, which will prevent the implant from moving laterally.
Recovery period
First of all, proper care of the wound surface is necessary, which will not only avoid the formation of pustular formations, but also speed up the healing process.
As a rule, self-absorbable sutures are applied to the incision and do not require removal.After about 7 days, the patient will only need to remove the nodules that will protrude above the surface of the skin.
To prevent marks, you will need to apply a plaster to the seam and wear a corset.
Since in the first days after the operation the woman will be bothered by the pronounced pain, the specialist will recommend taking analgesics to eliminate it.Antibiotics are prescribed to reduce the chance of infection.
To ease the swelling, you should not take a warm shower or bath or expose your body to any physical activity for two weeks.To prevent capsular contracture, it is necessary to massage the breasts, but this can be done no earlier than 2 weeks after the installation of the implants.
For 5 days you should avoid visiting the sauna, bath and solarium.Tanning in direct sunlight is also prohibited.
Special attention should be paid to the diet during the recovery period.Food should be light and easily digestible.You should include more fruits and vegetables that contain iron and fortified cocktails in your diet.
Complications
All possible side effects are divided into two groups.
EARLY
This category includes the formation of bruises, microhematomas, swelling and pain.Such phenomena are not dangerous for human health and disappear on their own within a few days.
Late
This group includes:
- openingbloodshed- damage to blood vessels contributes to the development of complications;
- seroma- appears, as a rule, a few hours after the intervention, so the patient must stay in the hospital for 1-3 days;
- lossSENSITIVENipple-areolar complex - often occurs as a result of damage to the touch nerve;
- bruises;
- stiflingat the site of the stitches - the main cause of complications is non-compliance with septic and antiseptic rules;
- educationkeloidsscars and hypertrophied tissues;
- rupture ordeflation(expiration) of the prosthesis;
- dystopiaimplants;
- capsularfibrous type contracture.
Each of the above consequences requires immediate medical intervention.
Augmentation mammoplasty is a complex surgical procedure that requires qualified surgeons.Therefore, before making a decision about breast augmentation with implants, you should weigh the pros and cons and take seriously the choice of the clinic where the manipulation will be performed.